"Cosmology" Article Items

The current understanding of gravity is based upon Einstein’s general theory of relativity which is itself based upon classical physics.  The other three fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force) are described within the field of quantum mechanics which uses totally different formulations. Additionally, gravity is generally understood as operating within a large distance scale such as between planets, while the other three forces are operable on an atomic scale and subatomic particles. The field of quantum gravity attempts to understand gravity on a subatomic scale – generally at length scales near the Planck scale of about… Read More »

The steady-state model was a very popular model proposed during the late 1940s trying to explain the existence of the universe without the need for God.  By then, it was known the universe was constantly expanding.  The nasty inference from a constantly expanding universe must have had a beginning at some point in time.  The steady-state hypothesis held new matter was constantly being created (using some poorly understood natural method) throughout the universe such that even though the universe is expanding, its average density remains the same. This magically did away with the need for a beginning and more importantly, it… Read More »

The Modern Steady State Universe The modern steady state universe cosmology suggested the universe was really infinitely old and infinitely large in size.  All matter throughout the universe was being spontaneously created to keep the density roughly the same in all directions..  The idea that matter could be created throughout the universe was never observed, but was more like a thought experiment to counter Big Bang cosmology. The modern steady state universe meant the universe could be infinitely old and infinitely large while maintaining its average density and observational characteristics over time. This was a very convenient construct as it… Read More »

There is Not a Chance the universe could have been created without an intelligent designer.  The more we have learned about the universe and about physics in general, the more we have come to understand the complexity of science.  But even more importantly, we have also come to understand how the physical constants of nature are required to be the values they are in a very precise manner, even though they do not have to be that value at all. One of the physical constants – the cosmological constant – is one of the most precisely tuned constants required for… Read More »